Footnotes:
1)  The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: New College Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1979.
2)  Parker, Kathleen, "Rape, California-style," The Washington Times, 13 January 2003.
3)  Graham, Bradley, "Air Force Reports 54 Claims of Assault: Allegations Span Years at Academy," The Washington Post, 7 March 2003.
4)  Atkinson, Gerald L., "The New Totalitarians," pp. 144, Atkinson Associates Press, June 1996.
5)  Ibid, Graham, Bradley.
6)  Reid, T.R., "Air Force Secretary Laments Scandal," The Washington Post, 28 March 2003.
7)  Hockstader, Lee, "20 Air Force Cadets Punished For Sex Offenses Since 1990," The Washington Post, 15 March 2003.
8)  Barry, John and Thomas, Evan, "Shifting Lines," NEWSWEEK, pp. 36, 16 June 1997.
9)  Ibid, American Heritage Dictionary.
10) Schmidt, Susan and Loeb, Vernon, "'She Was Fighting to the Death:' Details Emerging of W. Va. Soldier's Capture and Rescue," The Washington Post, 3 April 2003.
11) Ponnuru, Ramesh, "A Homecoming: and some questions that need to be asked," National Review Online, 3 April 2003.
12) Gerber, Robin, "Finally equalize sexes in combat," USA TODAY, 23 April 2003.
13) Shapira, Ian, "Rescued POW Lynch Arrives in Washington," The Washington Post, 13 April 2003.
14) Stanley, Alessandra, "In Hoopla Over a P.O.W., A Mirror of U.S. Society," The New York Times, 18 April 2003.
15) Simmons, Deborah, "Fighting for real rights of women," The Washington Times, 28 March 2003.
16) Parker, Lonnae O'Neal, "POW Redux: News of Captives Brings It All Back for Gulf War Prisoners," The Washington Post, 30 March 2003.
17) Cornum, Rhonda, "Larry King Live," CNN, 9:00 p.m., 24 March 2003.
18) Price, Joyce Howard, "Female captive first since Pentagon altered rule," The Washington Times, 24 March 2003.
19) McAlister, Melani, "Saving Private Lynch," The New York Times, 6 April 2003.
20) Purcell, Tom, "The lieutenant colonel's daughters answer the call," The Washington Times, 16 March 2003. "While Col. Sullivan is living the good life in America in relative comfort and safety, he knows his daughters are living in discomfort and danger in two very unsettled parts of the world. H knows they face more danger than he, a soldier who was highly trained in the science of war, ever faced in 22 years of service."
21) Bugay, John, "A wide, a mother and a soldier," The Washington Times, 27 February 2003. "For my beloved wife, a consummate soldier, her duty and her mission must be accomplished, to protect our children and our chance to grow old together in peace."  John Bugay, the icon of American wimps, is a free-lance business writer in Pittsburgh.
22) Elias, Marilyn, "Mommies marching off to war," USA TODAY, 8 April 2003. "The confirmed death of Pfc. Lori Ann Piestewa, mother of two preschool children and the first U.S. female fatality in the Iraq war...dead at age 23; Lynch, 19, found with gunshot wounds and broken limbs after nine days in captivity; Shoshana Johnson, 30, a POW, is the single mother of a 2-year-old. Piestewa leaves a son, 4, and a daughter 3...Supporters of women's expanding roles say they deserve the job training and opportunities created by more demanding military work, and it's paternalistic to tell them they can't sacrifice as much as men for their country."
23) Smith, Jessee J., "When it comes to combat women give 'crucial support,'" USA TODAY, 1 May 2003. "[A critic] states that women are 'not only physically weaker but also weaker in aggression and mechanical skills necessary for success in combat.' Clearly the reader has never been in a fight with a woman, visited a women's self-defense class or witnessed the aggression a mother is capable of displaying when her family is threatened."
24) DeVries, Tamela, "Women in the field deserve recognition," NAVY TIMES, 5 May 2003. "The writer is a chief hospital corpsman stationed in Iraq. When women in the field leave for deployment, we turn our household and the training of our children to family and spouses...Unlike our counterparts on ships or aircraft, we carry battle gear that takes up 1 and one-half sea bags of space. All the gear easily weighs 100 pounds. Some of us are not large in stature, so tightening down the gear so it fits can be tricky. In addition to wearing your uniform there is a helmet, flak jacket and 782 pieces of gear that includes two canteens, ammo, a first-aid-kit, a knife, a gas mask and a weapon. We wear the gear from sunup to sundown...When I first joined the Navy 24 years ago, the only women I saw in the military were hospital corpsmen, nurses and personnel managers. Today I see women as doctors, clergy, senior enlisted advisers, administrative assistants, company commanders, admirals, generals, pilots and in many other jobs. The nation needs to know about these great American heroes. So many role models to share their stories. Let the stories begin."
25) Clemetson, Lynette, Aboard the U.S.S Abraham Lincoln in the Persian gulf, "A Diverse Crew Reflects the Nation's Social Changes," The New York Times, 30 March 2003. "This 97,000-ton nuclear-powered warship, the largest in the world, is a floating city whose diversity and social complexity easily rival those of its counterparts on land...Roughly 63 percent of the crew are white, 14 percent African-American, 12 percent Hispanic, 6 percent Asian-pacific islander, 3 percent Native American and 2 percent 'other.' About 10 percent are women, less than the percentage in the civilian work-place. Almost 90 percent of the officers are white. Of the 79 fighter pilots, 3 are black...In the reactor department, the carrier's constantly pumping heart, which powers the ship, purifies the water and generates its electricity and the steam for the catapults that launch the aircraft, a sexual revolution of sorts is being waged. While 37 of the 440 people in the department are women, they account for roughly 40 percent of the 30 reactor officers. Six of the nine division officers, the equivalent of corporate mid-level managers, are women. Thought he Naval Academy graduated its first women more than 20 years ago, the influx of women in the reactor division has occurred only in the last five years or so...These highly visible, fast-advancing women aboard the Abraham Lincoln call themselves 'the reactor chicks.'"
26) Clemetson, Lynette, Aboard the U.S.S. Abraham Lincoln in the Persian Gulf,  "Grueling Work and Risk, and a Test of Flexibility," The New York Times, 29 March 2003. "For Lieutenant Barnes, who became a pilot to carry on the legacy of the Tuskegee Airmen, the black World War II squadron that paved the way for young pilots like himself, the desire to contribute to the war effort is as driven as much by personal goals as by a sense of duty.
26-2) McFeathers, Ann, "Remove the prohibition on women as combatants," The Hilton Head Island Packet, 21 April 2003.
27) Southern Iraq (AP), "As military police, women can do it all," The Washington Times, 1 April 2003.
28) Kampfner, John, "The truth about Jessica," The Guardian, 15 May 2003.
29) Sammon, Bill, "Bush defers to military on women in combat," The Washington Times, 9 May 2003.
30) Ibid.
31) Pruden, Wesley, "Sending the women to save the suits," The Washington Times, 28 March 2003.
32) Editorial, "The Pinking of the Armed Forces," The New York Times, 23 March 2003.
33) Wilgoren, Jodi, "A New War Brings New Role For Women and New Dangers," The New York Times, 28 March 2003.
34) Price, Joyce Howard, "Female captive first since Pentagon altered rule," The Washington Times, 24 March 2003. "...Maj. Rhonda Cornum, the flight surgeion for the Army's 2-229^th Attack Helicopter Battalion who was captured by Iraqis 12 years ago, didn't tell the public about her sexual abuse [by her captors] for four years. She was a staunch advocate of women in combat, and she withheld that information...If the world had known what happened to her, it might have changed the debate...A second woman captured and later release in the first Gulf war has not said whether she was sexually assaulted."
35) O'Drudy, Leo K., "Nothing 'cheerful' about women in combats," Letters, The Washington Times, 30 March 2003. "Perhaps in today's politically correct military it is too much to expect currently serving personnel to go on the record as anything other than relentlessly cheerful about the prospect of sending women to do our fighting for us - and to be killed, crippled, mutilated, tortured or raped in the process. But nowhere in its treatment of the moral and military disaster that is women in combat did the article 'Female pilots are ready to ship out,' (Nation, Thursday) quote anonymous or retired warriors (who are, almost to a man, totally against women in combat) or enlisted women (who surveys show are strongly disinclined to participate in combat, compared with the handful of careerist female officers who see combat experience as a resume booster."
36) Thiessen, LaVoy M., "Women in combat can be dangerous," USA TODAY, 28 April 2003.
37) Byrd, Charles M., "The moral of a POW's tale," LETTERS, The Washington Times, 6 April 2003. "...I am furious tht this country and its politicians have allowed women to be put in harm's way. If I could, I would ask Pfc. Lynch would she still have enlisted in the Army if ever in her wildest dreams she believed she would be in combat with friends dying around her. When she is alone, with only her thoughts, I bet she would answer no. After all, the reason she joined the Army was to get money to go to college...Other questions arise from Pfc. Lynch's ordeal that relate to women in combat. Instead of being 'in country' for just three days, what if Pfc. Lynch had been there carrying a 75 pound pack for three weeks? Would she perform equally with the men? And so what if she fought back during the ambush? When confronted with the option of shooting or being shot, she did what anyone would do: shoot back. But pulling the trigger in self-defense is not the same as pursuing an enemy until you can smell him and perhaps having to put a knife into him. Would a Pfc. Lynch be any match for male soldiers much larger and stronger than her? If not, she would become the weakest link in the chain of her comrades' survival. After all, combat is not about fighting for abstractions, but fighting for your buddy's life. One might not object to having women step into the role of fighting our wars, but this is one ex-GI who has more respect for women who live the role dictated by their gender and their creator: becoming mothers and thus, the source of future generations. They should not be asked t die to uphold feminists' spurious notion of 'equality.'"
38) Donnelly, Elaine, "Serving at greater risk," The Washington Times, 17 April 2003. "The stories [of the 507^th ambush] inspire strong emotions, including pride in the brave women who are serving their country well. Military personnel policies regarding women in combat cannot be based on [such stories], however. The views of enlisted women, who outnumber female officers by more than 5 to 1, differ from those who aspire to flag rank. A 1998 General Accounting Office report, quoting a Rand study, found that only 10 percent of female privates and corporals agreed that 'Women should be treated exactly like men and serve in the combat arms just like men.' Many people, including the family of Spec. Johnson, thought their daughters, sisters, and nieces could serve their country without undue exposure to close combat...Feminists continue to celebrate the capture of the three brave but unfortunate enlisted women as a 'victory' for equal rights. On the contrary, approval of gender-neutral violence signals a breakdown in civilized values. Americans need not sacrifice cultural respect for women on the altar of 'equality.' It should matter that the International Red Cross and other experts on prisoners of war have reported differences in the harsh treatment of male and female prisoners. Brutality that is uniquely cruel to women, including sexual assault and rape, frequently has been used as a weapon of war against women, but rarely men. At times the nation has had no choice but to send men to defend America. We do have a choice about sending young women, including single mothers, to fight our wars."
39) Chastain, Jane, "Prisoners of political correctness," World Net Daily, Posted 3 April 2003. "Something is terribly wrong when the most powerful country on earth is assigning women service members to units where they are subject to capture, rape, torture and death, while able-bodied men are stationed out of harm's way or, worse still, at home in the comfort of their living rooms. Guys, do you hide under the covers and send your wives downstairs if you suspect a burglar is in your home?"
40) Frum, David, "Well It Worked On Her," National Review Online, 4 April 2003. "By all accounts, Jessica Lynch showed amazing courage and cool in a moment of terrible danger - and incredible endurance under torture. She has earned and more than earned the honors and decorations that the armed forces will now bestow on her. But there is a real possibility that her example will now be used as the clinching argument for the removal of the final restrictions on the role of women in combat - and that in order to honor her, Congress and the military leadership  may forget why those restrictions exist and indeed why we should be moving toward more restrictions rather than fewer...the military's determination to treat male and female soldiers more 'equally' in practice expose them to very unequal degrees of danger. The enemies America now confronts seem t make a habit of treating female captives with special cruelty. They did it during the first Gulf War and there is reason to think they are doing it again now. And it is disturbing, at least to me, that nobody much seems to think that this systematic abuse of American women in uniform is worth any special attention or outrage...a strange official silence has descended on the whole subject of the sexual maltreatment of women prisoners of war." [But not on unsubstantiated allegations of sexual abuse at the U.S. Air Force Academy.] "And what makes this all the stranger is that we are becoming inured to the idea of women soldiers at exactly the moment that 9/11 taught us why the campaign for affirmative action for women firefighters was such a mistake. We can now see that it matters that the vast majority of female applicants for fire-fighting jobs can't lift the hoses and can't carry an injured person down a flight of stairs. Why can't we see that it matters that the vast majority of female soldiers can't throw a grenade the required distance or run as fast as the male soldiers in their units or carry a full pack? Myself, I find the practical objections to women in combat less powerful than the moral objections. Stunningly, the moral objections no longer much move the American people, who now seem ready to shrug off the rape and sexual torture of young women as an ordinary part of the fortunes of war. But surely these considerations of efficiency ought to carry some pragmatic weight? If the Iraq campaign is teaching us anything, it's that in the 21^st century, sheer human strength and endurance still matter in the grunt work of war. Why would the armed forces willingly handicap themselves on those valences in pursuit of an ideal of equality that is no ideal at all?"
41) "Battle Group Commander Dismissed," The Washington Post, pp. 8, 14 February 2003. "The Navy announced the dismissal of the commander of the USS Kitty Hawk aircraft carrier battle group after it was determined that 'he had engaged in an improper relationship with a female naval officer.' The 7^th Fleet said Rear Adm. Steven Kunkle was dismissed because of a loss of confidence in his ability to command. The Kitty Hawk and the warships that make up its battle group have been deployed to the Persian Gulf. Last September, the Navy relieved the Kitty Hawk commander, Capt. Thomas Hejl, citing a loss of confidence in his leadership abilities. He was replaced by Capt. Robert Barbaree Jr."
42) Branigan, William, "Brigade Seeks Top Honor for a Fallen Hero," The Washington Post, 4 May 2003.
43) Priest, Dana, Booth, William, and Schmidt, Susan, "A Broken Body, a Broken Story, Pieced Together," The Washington Post, 17 June 2003.
44) Rabinowitz, Dorothy, "Above and Beyond," The Wall Street Journal, 25 February 2003.
45) Lacey, Jim, "The Men Who Won the War: An 'embed' looks at our soldiers," National Review, 19 May 2003.
46) Hackworth, David H., "Rangers losing their edge: Complaints turn no-nonsense Army training into coddling," The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 29 May 2003.
47) Priest, Dana, Booth, William, and Schmidt, Susan, "A Broken Body, a Broken Story, Pieced Together: Investigation Reveals Lynch -- Still in Hospital After 67 Days -- Suffered Bone-Crushing Injuries in Crash During Ambush," The Washington Post, 17 June 2003.
48) Rochester, Stuart I. and Kiley, Frederick, "Honor Bound: American Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia 1961-1973," pp. 183, Naval Institute Press, 1999.


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